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Compare Cook Islands (2008) - Spratly Islands (2003)

Compare Cook Islands (2008) z Spratly Islands (2003)

 Cook Islands (2008)Spratly Islands (2003)
 Cook IslandsSpratly Islands
Administrative divisions none -
Age structure 0-14 years: 34.1% (male 2,718/female 2,388)


15-64 years: 59.5% (male 4,531/female 4,395)


65 years and over: 6.4% (male 489/female 469) (2001 census) (2001 census)		 -
Agriculture - products copra, citrus, pineapples, tomatoes, beans, pawpaws, bananas, yams, taro, coffee; pigs, poultry -
Airports 9 (2007) 3 (2002)
Airports - with paved runways total: 2


1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 (2007)		 total: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 7


1,524 to 2,437 m: 2


914 to 1,523 m: 4


under 914 m: 1 (2007)		 total: 2


914 to 1,523 m: 1


under 914 m: 1 (2002)
Area total: 236.7 sq km


land: 236.7 sq km


water: 0 sq km		 total: less than 5 sq km


land: less than 5 sq km


water: 0 sq km


note: includes 100 or so islets, coral reefs, and sea mounts scattered over an area of nearly 410,000 sq km of the central South China Sea
Area - comparative 1.3 times the size of Washington, DC NA
Background Named after Captain COOK, who sighted them in 1770, the islands became a British protectorate in 1888. By 1900, administrative control was transferred to New Zealand; in 1965, residents chose self-government in free association with New Zealand. The emigration of skilled workers to New Zealand and government deficits are continuing problems. The Spratly Islands consist of more than 100 small islands or reefs. They are surrounded by rich fishing grounds and potentially by gas and oil deposits. They are claimed in their entirety by China, Taiwan, and Vietnam, while portions are claimed by Malaysia and the Philippines. About 50 islands are occupied by China (about 450 soldiers), Malaysia (70-90), the Philippines (about 100), and Vietnam (about 1,500). Brunei is a claimant but has no outposts. (2002)
Birth rate 21 births/1,000 population NA (2001 census) -
Budget revenues: $70.95 million


expenditures: $69.05 million (FY05/06)		 -
Capital name: Avarua


geographic coordinates: 21 12 S, 159 46 W


time difference: UTC-10 (5 hours behind Washington, DC during Standard Time)		 -
Climate tropical oceanic; moderated by trade winds; a dry season from April to November and a more humid season from December to March tropical
Coastline 120 km 926 km
Constitution 4 August 1965 -
Country name conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Cook Islands


former: Harvey Islands		 conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Spratly Islands
Death rate NA -
Debt - external $141 million (1996 est.) -
Dependency status self-governing in free association with New Zealand; Cook Islands is fully responsible for internal affairs; New Zealand retains responsibility for external affairs and defense, in consultation with the Cook Islands -
Diplomatic representation from the US none (self-governing in free association with New Zealand) -
Diplomatic representation in the US none (self-governing in free association with New Zealand) -
Disputes - international none all of the Spratly Islands are claimed by China, Taiwan, and Vietnam; parts of them are claimed by Malaysia and the Philippines; in 1984, Brunei established an exclusive fishing zone that encompasses Louisa Reef in the southern Spratly Islands but has not publicly claimed the island; claimants in November 2002 signed the "Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea", a mechanism to ease tension but which fell short of a legally binding "code of conduct"
Economic aid - recipient $13.1 million; note - New Zealand continues to furnish the greater part (1995) -
Economy - overview Like many other South Pacific island nations, the Cook Islands' economic development is hindered by the isolation of the country from foreign markets, the limited size of domestic markets, lack of natural resources, periodic devastation from natural disasters, and inadequate infrastructure. Agriculture, employing about one-third of the working population, provides the economic base with major exports made up of copra and citrus fruit. Black pearls are the Cook Islands' leading export. Manufacturing activities are limited to fruit processing, clothing, and handicrafts. Trade deficits are offset by remittances from emigrants and by foreign aid, overwhelmingly from New Zealand. In the 1980s and 1990s, the country lived beyond its means, maintaining a bloated public service and accumulating a large foreign debt. Subsequent reforms, including the sale of state assets, the strengthening of economic management, the encouragement of tourism, and a debt restructuring agreement, have rekindled investment and growth. Economic activity is limited to commercial fishing. The proximity to nearby oil- and gas-producing sedimentary basins suggests the potential for oil and gas deposits, but the region is largely unexplored, and there are no reliable estimates of potential reserves; commercial exploitation has yet to be developed.
Electricity - consumption 27.9 million kWh (2005 est.) -
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2005) -
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2005) -
Electricity - production 30 million kWh (2005) -
Elevation extremes lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m


highest point: Te Manga 652 m		 lowest point: South China Sea 0 m


highest point: unnamed location on Southwest Cay 4 m
Environment - current issues NA NA
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements		 -
Ethnic groups Cook Island Maori (Polynesian) 87.7%, part Cook Island Maori 5.8%, other 6.5% (2001 census) -
Exchange rates NZ dollars per US dollar - 1.3811 (2007), 1.5408 (2006), 1.4203 (2005), 1.5087 (2004), 1.7221 (2003) -
Executive branch chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Frederick GOODWIN (since 9 February 2001); New Zealand High Commissioner Brian DONNELLY (since 21 February 2008), representative of New Zealand


head of government: Prime Minister Jim MARURAI (since 14 December 2004); Deputy Prime Minister Terepai MAOATE (since 9 August 2005)


cabinet: Cabinet chosen by the prime minister; collectively responsible to Parliament


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; the UK representative is appointed by the monarch; the New Zealand high commissioner is appointed by the New Zealand Government; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition usually becomes prime minister		 -
Exports 0 bbl/day (2004) -
Exports - commodities copra, papayas, fresh and canned citrus fruit, coffee; fish; pearls and pearl shells; clothing -
Exports - partners Australia 34%, Japan 27%, NZ 25%, US 8% (2006) -
Fiscal year 1 April - 31 March -
Flag description blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and a large circle of 15 white five-pointed stars (one for every island) centered in the outer half of the flag -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 15.1%


industry: 9.6%


services: 75.3% (2004)		 -
GDP - real growth rate 0.1% (2005 est.) -
Geographic coordinates 21 14 S, 159 46 W 8 38 N, 111 55 E
Geography - note the northern Cook Islands are seven low-lying, sparsely populated, coral atolls; the southern Cook Islands, where most of the population lives, consist of eight elevated, fertile, volcanic isles, including the largest, Rarotonga, at 67 sq km strategically located near several primary shipping lanes in the central South China Sea; includes numerous small islands, atolls, shoals, and coral reefs
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%		 -
Imports 429.3 bbl/day (2004) -
Imports - commodities foodstuffs, textiles, fuels, timber, capital goods -
Imports - partners NZ 61%, Fiji 19%, US 9%, Australia 6%, Japan 2% (2006) -
Independence none (became self-governing in free association with New Zealand on 4 August 1965 and has the right at any time to move to full independence by unilateral action) -
Industrial production growth rate 1% (2002) -
Industries fruit processing, tourism, fishing, clothing, handicrafts -
Infant mortality rate total: NA


male: NA


female: NA		 -
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2.1% (2005 est.) -
International organization participation ACP, ADB, FAO, ICAO, ICRM, IFAD, IFRCS, IOC, ITUC, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO -
Irrigated land NA 0 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch High Court -
Labor force 6,820 (2001) -
Labor force - by occupation agriculture: 29%


industry: 15%


services: 56% (1995)		 -
Land boundaries 0 km 0 km
Land use arable land: 16.67%


permanent crops: 8.33%


other: 75% (2005)		 arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (1998 est.)
Languages English (official), Maori -
Legal system based on New Zealand law and English common law -
Legislative branch bicameral Parliament consisting of a Legislative Assembly (or lower house) (25 seats, 24 seats representing districts of the Cook Islands, 1 seat representing Cook Islanders living overseas; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and a House of Ariki (or upper house) made up of traditional leaders


note: the House of Ariki advises on traditional matters and maintains considerable influence but has no legislative powers


elections: last held 26 September 2006 (next to be held by 2011)


election results: percent of vote by party - Demo 51.9%, CIP 45.5%, independent 2.7%; seats by party - Demo 15, CIP 8, independent 1		 -
Life expectancy at birth total population: NA


male: NA


female: NA		 -
Literacy definition: NA


total population: 95%


male: NA%


female: NA%		 -
Location Oceania, group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand Southeastern Asia, group of reefs and islands in the South China Sea, about two-thirds of the way from southern Vietnam to the southern Philippines
Map references Oceania Southeast Asia
Maritime claims territorial sea: 12 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm


continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin		 NA
Merchant marine total: 16 ships (1000 GRT or over) 112,129 GRT/126,160 DWT


by type: cargo 5, petroleum tanker 1, refrigerated cargo 9, roll on/roll off 1


foreign-owned: 11 (Norway 1, NZ 1, Sweden 9) (2007)		 -
Military - note defense is the responsibility of New Zealand, in consultation with the Cook Islands and at its request Spratly Islands consist of more than 100 small islands or reefs, of which about 45 are claimed and occupied by China, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam
Military branches no regular military forces; National Police Department (2007) -
National holiday Constitution Day, first Monday in August (1965) -
Nationality noun: Cook Islander(s)


adjective: Cook Islander		 -
Natural hazards typhoons (November to March) typhoons; serious maritime hazard because of numerous reefs and shoals
Natural resources NEGL fish, guano, undetermined oil and natural gas potential
People - note 2001 census counted a resident population of 15,017 -
Political parties and leaders Cook Islands Party or CIP [Henry PUNA]; Democratic Party or Demo [Dr. Terepai MAOATE] -
Political pressure groups and leaders NA -
Population 21,750 (July 2007 est.) no indigenous inhabitants


note: there are scattered garrisons occupied by personnel of several claimant states (July 2003 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% -
Population growth rate -1.2% between 1996-2001 (2001 census) -
Ports and harbors - none; offshore anchorage only
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (2004) -
Religions Cook Islands Christian Church 55.9%, Roman Catholic 16.8%, Seventh-Day Adventists 7.9%, Church of Latter Day Saints 3.8%, other Protestant 5.8%, other 4.2%, unspecified 2.6%, none 3% (2001 census) -
Sex ratio 1.07 male(s)/female (2001 census) -
Suffrage NA years of age; universal (adult) -
Telephone system general assessment: Telecom Cook Islands offers international direct dialing, Internet, email, fax, and Telex


domestic: the individual islands are connected by a combination of satellite earth stations, microwave systems, and VHF and HF radiotelephone; within the islands, service is provided by small exchanges connected to subscribers by open-wire, cable, and fiber-optic cable


international: country code - 682; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)		 -
Telephones - main lines in use 6,200 (2002) -
Telephones - mobile cellular 1,500 (2002) -
Television broadcast stations 1 (outer islands receive satellite broadcasts) (2004) -
Terrain low coral atolls in north; volcanic, hilly islands in south flat
Total fertility rate 3.1 children born/woman (2001 census) -
Unemployment rate 13.1% (2005) -
Waterways - none
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